The most significant chapter in Alnwick Castle’s history began in 1309 when it was granted to the Percy family by King Edward I. The Percys were one of England’s most powerful noble families, and their association with the castle would shape its history for over 700 years.

The Percy family played a pivotal role in the politics and military affairs of medieval England. As Lords of Alnwick, they fortified the castle into a formidable medieval fortress. Much of the stonework and curtain walls that characterize Alnwick Castle today date back to this period of extensive reconstruction in the 14th century.

Border Wars and Conflicts

During the 14th and 15th centuries, Alnwick Castle was on the frontline of the Anglo-Scottish border wars. The region was characterized by frequent skirmishes, raids, and battles known as the Border Reivers period. The castle served both as a military base and a refuge for local people.

One of the most notable episodes occurred in 1346, during the Second War of Scottish Independence, when the Scots launched raids deep into English territory. Alnwick Castle’s defenses were put to the test repeatedly. The Percy family’s allegiance and military leadership were crucial in the English Crown’s attempts to control this fractious region.

The Percy Rebellions and Political Intrigue

The Percys were not only military leaders but also political actors deeply involved in the national drama of England. Henry Percy, known as "Hotspur," was a legendary figure during the late 14th and early 15th centuries. Hotspur became famous for his rebellion against King Henry IV, immortalized in William Shakespeare’s play Henry IV, Part 1.

Hotspur’s revolt culminated in the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403, where he was killed fighting against the king’s forces. The Percys’ fortunes fluctuated with these political intrigues, but Alnwick Castle remained their principal seat. shutdown123